Cocos2dx源码赏析(2)之渲染
时间: 2020-04-14来源:OSCHINA
前景提要
继续从源码的角度来跟踪下Cocos2dx引擎的渲染过程,以此来梳理下Cocos2dx引擎是如何将精灵等元素显示在屏幕上的。
从上一篇对 Cocos2dx启动流程 的梳理中可知,Cocos2dx依靠通过各平台的入口启动引擎,并在循环中调用Director::mainLoop方法来维持引擎的各种逻辑: void Director::mainLoop() { if (_purgeDirectorInNextLoop) { _purgeDirectorInNextLoop = false; purgeDirector(); } else if (_restartDirectorInNextLoop) { _restartDirectorInNextLoop = false; restartDirector(); } else if (! _invalid) { drawScene(); // release the objects PoolManager::getInstance()->getCurrentPool()->clear(); } } void Director::end() { _purgeDirectorInNextLoop = true; } void Director::restart() { _restartDirectorInNextLoop = true; } void Director::stopAnimation() { _invalid = true; }
当调用了Director::end()方法时,_purgeDirectorInNextLoop变量才会被置为true,并执行了purgeDirector()方法: void Director::purgeDirector() { reset(); CHECK_GL_ERROR_DEBUG(); // OpenGL view if (_openGLView) { _openGLView->end(); _openGLView = nullptr; } // delete Director release(); }
可以看到,这里执行了一些重置和清理工作。即在需要结束游戏的时候,可以调用Director::end()方法,让引擎跳出主循环,执行关闭。
调用了Director::restart()方法时,_restartDirectorInNextLoop变量会被置为true,即会执行restartDirector()方法: void Director::restartDirector() { reset(); // RenderState need to be reinitialized RenderState::initialize(); // Texture cache need to be reinitialized initTextureCache(); // Reschedule for action manager getScheduler()->scheduleUpdate(getActionManager(), Scheduler::PRIORITY_SYSTEM, false); // release the objects PoolManager::getInstance()->getCurrentPool()->clear(); // Restart animation startAnimation(); // Real restart in script level #if CC_ENABLE_SCRIPT_BINDING ScriptEvent scriptEvent(kRestartGame, nullptr); ScriptEngineManager::getInstance()->getScriptEngine()->sendEvent(&scriptEvent); #endif }
可以看到,在restartDirector方法中,先执行了重置reset方法,然后又接着把渲染状态、纹理缓存、定时器、内存管理、动画等又重新初始化了。以此来实现游戏重启的方案。
_invalid变量默认是true,刚开始在Director::init中会被置为false,在调用Director::stopAnimation()时,会将_invalid置为true,此时不满足条件,即不会调用drawScene()绘制场景的方法,当然在调用Director::startAnimation()又会将_invalid置为false,由此可以知道,当_invalid置为true时,引擎在做空循环。
下面,才算是真正进入主题,即当_invalid为false时,会调用drawScene方法来绘制场景,设置定时器,动画,事件循环等一系列处理: void Director::drawScene() { // calculate "global" dt calculateDeltaTime(); if (_openGLView) { _openGLView->pollEvents(); } //tick before glClear: issue #533 if (! _paused) { _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventBeforeUpdate); _scheduler->update(_deltaTime); _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterUpdate); } _renderer->clear(); experimental::FrameBuffer::clearAllFBOs(); /* to avoid flickr, nextScene MUST be here: after tick and before draw. * FIXME: Which bug is this one. It seems that it can't be reproduced with v0.9 */ if (_nextScene) { setNextScene(); } pushMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW); if (_runningScene) { #if (CC_USE_PHYSICS || (CC_USE_3D_PHYSICS && CC_ENABLE_BULLET_INTEGRATION) || CC_USE_NAVMESH) _runningScene->stepPhysicsAndNavigation(_deltaTime); #endif //clear draw stats _renderer->clearDrawStats(); //render the scene _openGLView->renderScene(_runningScene, _renderer); _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterVisit); } // draw the notifications node if (_notificationNode) { _notificationNode->visit(_renderer, Mat4::IDENTITY, 0); } if (_displayStats) { showStats(); } _renderer->render(); _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterDraw); popMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW); _totalFrames++; // swap buffers if (_openGLView) { _openGLView->swapBuffers(); } if (_displayStats) { calculateMPF(); } }
首先在drawScene方法中,会先调用calculateDeltaTime方法来计算每帧的时间间隔_deltaTime,即每帧执行一系列逻辑操作所花费的时间。
接下里判断了_openGLView,该对象是用来将OpenGL绘制的内容呈现在不同平台对应的视图上,这里不同的平台有不同的是实现。而_openGLView的赋值是在调用了Director::setOpenGLView方法里进行的,而setOpenGLView方法的调用,我们是在AppDelegate::applicationDidFinishLaunching()方法中调用的。所以,这里_openGLView正常情况下是不会为空的。那么,也就会执行_openGLView->pollEvents()方法,这个方法是个空实现,只在特定的平台才做相应的处理。一般会在该方法中,检查有没触发什么事件(键盘输入、鼠标移动等)。
再接着有个_paused的判断,而_paused为置为true,即不满足条件是在调用了Director::pause方法中设置的,那么不满足条件时,就不会执行这里的代码: if (! _paused) { _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventBeforeUpdate); _scheduler->update(_deltaTime); _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterUpdate); }
也就是当调用了Director::pause的方法,然后进入主循环,但是不会响应相应的事件调度和定时器的更新处理。
继续往下执行,如下代码: _renderer->clear(); experimental::FrameBuffer::clearAllFBOs();
这里,主要是在绘制前,执行相应的清理工作(例如:清除颜色缓冲区和深度缓冲区,清除帧缓冲对象等)。
然后,就执行这行代码了: if (_nextScene) { setNextScene(); }
追踪一下,可以找到,在调用了Director的replaceScene、pushScene或popScene等方法时,会给_nextScene赋值,这几个方法的作用分别是:
replaceScene:将要执行的场景压入场景栈中,并替换当前的场景,_nextScene指向要执行的场景。
pushScene:将要执行的场景压入场景栈中,并将_nextScene指向要执行的场景。
popScene:在场景栈中弹出当前场景,并将_nextScene指向上一个的场景。
以上这三个方法都是在下一帧绘制生效。在setNextScene会执行一些场景的状态切换,并将下一个要执行的场景指定为当前运行的场景。
继续,再就执行下面的代码: pushMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW); if (_runningScene) { #if (CC_USE_PHYSICS || (CC_USE_3D_PHYSICS && CC_ENABLE_BULLET_INTEGRATION) || CC_USE_NAVMESH) _runningScene->stepPhysicsAndNavigation(_deltaTime); #endif //clear draw stats _renderer->clearDrawStats(); //render the scene _openGLView->renderScene(_runningScene, _renderer); _eventDispatcher->dispatchEvent(_eventAfterVisit); }
pushMatrix会将模型视图的矩阵压入相应的栈中。而对应的栈有存放模型视图矩阵的栈,投影矩阵的栈,纹理矩阵的栈。接下来,主要看renderScene方法的调用。 void GLView::renderScene(Scene* scene, Renderer* renderer) { CCASSERT(scene, "Invalid Scene"); CCASSERT(renderer, "Invalid Renderer"); if (_vrImpl) { _vrImpl->render(scene, renderer); } else { scene->render(renderer, Mat4::IDENTITY, nullptr); } }
这里,_vrImpl是有关VR的实现,这里先不关心。然后,就调用到了scene的render方法: void Scene::render(Renderer* renderer, const Mat4* eyeTransforms, const Mat4* eyeProjections, unsigned int multiViewCount) { auto director = Director::getInstance(); Camera* defaultCamera = nullptr; const auto& transform = getNodeToParentTransform(); for (const auto& camera : getCameras()) { if (!camera->isVisible()) continue; Camera::_visitingCamera = camera; if (Camera::_visitingCamera->getCameraFlag() == CameraFlag::DEFAULT) { defaultCamera = Camera::_visitingCamera; } // There are two ways to modify the "default camera" with the eye Transform: // a) modify the "nodeToParentTransform" matrix // b) modify the "additional transform" matrix // both alternatives are correct, if the user manually modifies the camera with a camera->setPosition() // then the "nodeToParent transform" will be lost. // And it is important that the change is "permanent", because the matrix might be used for calculate // culling and other stuff. for (unsigned int i = 0; i < multiViewCount; ++i) { if (eyeProjections) camera->setAdditionalProjection(eyeProjections[i] * camera->getProjectionMatrix().getInversed()); if (eyeTransforms) camera->setAdditionalTransform(eyeTransforms[i].getInversed()); director->pushProjectionMatrix(i); director->loadProjectionMatrix(Camera::_visitingCamera->getViewProjectionMatrix(), i); } camera->apply(); //clear background with max depth camera->clearBackground(); //visit the scene visit(renderer, transform, 0); #if CC_USE_NAVMESH if (_navMesh && _navMeshDebugCamera == camera) { _navMesh->debugDraw(renderer); } #endif renderer->render(); camera->restore(); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < multiViewCount; ++i) director->popProjectionMatrix(i); // we shouldn't restore the transform matrix since it could be used // from "update" or other parts of the game to calculate culling or something else. // camera->setNodeToParentTransform(eyeCopy); } #if CC_USE_3D_PHYSICS && CC_ENABLE_BULLET_INTEGRATION if (_physics3DWorld && _physics3DWorld->isDebugDrawEnabled()) { Camera *physics3dDebugCamera = _physics3dDebugCamera != nullptr ? _physics3dDebugCamera: defaultCamera; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < multiViewCount; ++i) { if (eyeProjections) physics3dDebugCamera->setAdditionalProjection(eyeProjections[i] * physics3dDebugCamera->getProjectionMatrix().getInversed()); if (eyeTransforms) physics3dDebugCamera->setAdditionalTransform(eyeTransforms[i].getInversed()); director->pushProjectionMatrix(i); director->loadProjectionMatrix(physics3dDebugCamera->getViewProjectionMatrix(), i); } physics3dDebugCamera->apply(); physics3dDebugCamera->clearBackground(); _physics3DWorld->debugDraw(renderer); renderer->render(); physics3dDebugCamera->restore(); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < multiViewCount; ++i) director->popProjectionMatrix(i); } #endif Camera::_visitingCamera = nullptr; // experimental::FrameBuffer::applyDefaultFBO(); }
在这个render方法中,主要关心两个方法的调用,即下面这两行代码: visit(renderer, transform, 0); renderer->render();
这里的visit会调用到父类Node节点相应的visit方法: void Node::visit(Renderer* renderer, const Mat4 &parentTransform, uint32_t parentFlags) { // quick return if not visible. children won't be drawn. if (!_visible) { return; } uint32_t flags = processParentFlags(parentTransform, parentFlags); // IMPORTANT: // To ease the migration to v3.0, we still support the Mat4 stack, // but it is deprecated and your code should not rely on it _director->pushMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW); _director->loadMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW, _modelViewTransform); bool visibleByCamera = isVisitableByVisitingCamera(); int i = 0; if(!_children.empty()) { sortAllChildren(); // draw children zOrder < 0 for(auto size = _children.size(); i < size; ++i) { auto node = _children.at(i); if (node && node->_localZOrder < 0) node->visit(renderer, _modelViewTransform, flags); else break; } // self draw if (visibleByCamera) this->draw(renderer, _modelViewTransform, flags); for(auto it=_children.cbegin()+i, itCend = _children.cend(); it != itCend; ++it) (*it)->visit(renderer, _modelViewTransform, flags); } else if (visibleByCamera) { this->draw(renderer, _modelViewTransform, flags); } _director->popMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW); // FIX ME: Why need to set _orderOfArrival to 0?? // Please refer to https://github.com/cocos2d/cocos2d-x/pull/6920 // reset for next frame // _orderOfArrival = 0; }
该方法首先会对当前节点下的子节点进行遍历并排序,这里遍历会遍历整个Node节点树,然后在调用自身的绘制方法draw。例如,精灵Sprite会调用精灵自身的draw方法: void Sprite::draw(Renderer *renderer, const Mat4 &transform, uint32_t flags) { if (_texture == nullptr) { return; } #if CC_USE_CULLING // Don't calculate the culling if the transform was not updated auto visitingCamera = Camera::getVisitingCamera(); auto defaultCamera = Camera::getDefaultCamera(); if (visitingCamera == defaultCamera) { _insideBounds = ((flags & FLAGS_TRANSFORM_DIRTY) || visitingCamera->isViewProjectionUpdated()) ? renderer->checkVisibility(transform, _contentSize) : _insideBounds; } else { // XXX: this always return true since _insideBounds = renderer->checkVisibility(transform, _contentSize); } if(_insideBounds) #endif { _trianglesCommand.init(_globalZOrder, _texture, getGLProgramState(), _blendFunc, _polyInfo.triangles, transform, flags); renderer->addCommand(&_trianglesCommand); #if CC_SPRITE_DEBUG_DRAW _debugDrawNode->clear(); auto count = _polyInfo.triangles.indexCount/3; auto indices = _polyInfo.triangles.indices; auto verts = _polyInfo.triangles.verts; for(ssize_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { //draw 3 lines Vec3 from =verts[indices[i*3]].vertices; Vec3 to = verts[indices[i*3+1]].vertices; _debugDrawNode->drawLine(Vec2(from.x, from.y), Vec2(to.x,to.y), Color4F::WHITE); from =verts[indices[i*3+1]].vertices; to = verts[indices[i*3+2]].vertices; _debugDrawNode->drawLine(Vec2(from.x, from.y), Vec2(to.x,to.y), Color4F::WHITE); from =verts[indices[i*3+2]].vertices; to = verts[indices[i*3]].vertices; _debugDrawNode->drawLine(Vec2(from.x, from.y), Vec2(to.x,to.y), Color4F::WHITE); } #endif //CC_SPRITE_DEBUG_DRAW } }
在Sprite的draw方法中,并不直接绘制,而是给renderer发送一个RenderCommand指令(这里是TrianglesCommand),renderer会将RenderCommand放入一个栈中,等Node节点元素都遍历完毕,才执行RenderCommand指令。
按照目标版本的引擎实现,就将绘制逻辑从Node节点树遍历中分离出来了。每次绘制就给renderer发送一个RenderCommand指令。
接下来看Renderer::render方法: void Renderer::render() { //Uncomment this once everything is rendered by new renderer //glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); //TODO: setup camera or MVP _isRendering = true; if (_glViewAssigned) { //Process render commands //1. Sort render commands based on ID for (auto &renderqueue : _renderGroups) { renderqueue.sort(); } visitRenderQueue(_renderGroups[0]); } clean(); _isRendering = false; }
这里取出下标为0的渲染队列,然后,进一步通过visitRenderQueue来获取队列中的渲染指令Command: void Renderer::visitRenderQueue(RenderQueue& queue) { queue.saveRenderState(); // //Process Global-Z < 0 Objects // const auto& zNegQueue = queue.getSubQueue(RenderQueue::QUEUE_GROUP::GLOBALZ_NEG); if (zNegQueue.size() > 0) { if(_isDepthTestFor2D) { glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(true); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } else { glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(false); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setCullFace(false); for (const auto& zNegNext : zNegQueue) { processRenderCommand(zNegNext); } flush(); } // //Process Opaque Object // const auto& opaqueQueue = queue.getSubQueue(RenderQueue::QUEUE_GROUP::OPAQUE_3D); if (opaqueQueue.size() > 0) { //Clear depth to achieve layered rendering glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(true); glDisable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setCullFace(true); for (const auto& opaqueNext : opaqueQueue) { processRenderCommand(opaqueNext); } flush(); } // //Process 3D Transparent object // const auto& transQueue = queue.getSubQueue(RenderQueue::QUEUE_GROUP::TRANSPARENT_3D); if (transQueue.size() > 0) { glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(false); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setCullFace(true); for (const auto& transNext : transQueue) { processRenderCommand(transNext); } flush(); } // //Process Global-Z = 0 Queue // const auto& zZeroQueue = queue.getSubQueue(RenderQueue::QUEUE_GROUP::GLOBALZ_ZERO); if (zZeroQueue.size() > 0) { if(_isDepthTestFor2D) { glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(true); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } else { glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(false); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setCullFace(false); for (const auto& zZeroNext : zZeroQueue) { processRenderCommand(zZeroNext); } flush(); } // //Process Global-Z > 0 Queue // const auto& zPosQueue = queue.getSubQueue(RenderQueue::QUEUE_GROUP::GLOBALZ_POS); if (zPosQueue.size() > 0) { if(_isDepthTestFor2D) { glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(true); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(true); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } else { glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthMask(false); glEnable(GL_BLEND); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthTest(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setDepthWrite(false); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setBlend(true); } glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); RenderState::StateBlock::_defaultState->setCullFace(false); for (const auto& zPosNext : zPosQueue) { processRenderCommand(zPosNext); } flush(); } queue.restoreRenderState(); }
然后,取出队列中的Command,并执行processRenderCommand方法: void Renderer::processRenderCommand(RenderCommand* command) { auto commandType = command->getType(); if( RenderCommand::Type::TRIANGLES_COMMAND == commandType) { // flush other queues flush3D(); auto cmd = static_cast<TrianglesCommand*>(command); // flush own queue when buffer is full if(_filledVertex + cmd->getVertexCount() > VBO_SIZE || _filledIndex + cmd->getIndexCount() > INDEX_VBO_SIZE) { CCASSERT(cmd->getVertexCount()>= 0 && cmd->getVertexCount() < VBO_SIZE, "VBO for vertex is not big enough, please break the data down or use customized render command"); CCASSERT(cmd->getIndexCount()>= 0 && cmd->getIndexCount() < INDEX_VBO_SIZE, "VBO for index is not big enough, please break the data down or use customized render command"); drawBatchedTriangles(); } // queue it _queuedTriangleCommands.push_back(cmd); _filledIndex += cmd->getIndexCount(); _filledVertex += cmd->getVertexCount(); } else if (RenderCommand::Type::MESH_COMMAND == commandType) { flush2D(); auto cmd = static_cast<MeshCommand*>(command); if (cmd->isSkipBatching() || _lastBatchedMeshCommand == nullptr || _lastBatchedMeshCommand->getMaterialID() != cmd->getMaterialID()) { flush3D(); CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_MESH_COMMAND"); if(cmd->isSkipBatching()) { // XXX: execute() will call bind() and unbind() // but unbind() shouldn't be call if the next command is a MESH_COMMAND with Material. // Once most of cocos2d-x moves to Pass/StateBlock, only bind() should be used. cmd->execute(); } else { cmd->preBatchDraw(); cmd->batchDraw(); _lastBatchedMeshCommand = cmd; } } else { CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_MESH_COMMAND"); cmd->batchDraw(); } } else if(RenderCommand::Type::GROUP_COMMAND == commandType) { flush(); int renderQueueID = ((GroupCommand*) command)->getRenderQueueID(); CCGL_DEBUG_PUSH_GROUP_MARKER("RENDERER_GROUP_COMMAND"); visitRenderQueue(_renderGroups[renderQueueID]); CCGL_DEBUG_POP_GROUP_MARKER(); } else if(RenderCommand::Type::CUSTOM_COMMAND == commandType) { flush(); auto cmd = static_cast<CustomCommand*>(command); CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_CUSTOM_COMMAND"); cmd->execute(); } else if(RenderCommand::Type::BATCH_COMMAND == commandType) { flush(); auto cmd = static_cast<BatchCommand*>(command); CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_BATCH_COMMAND"); cmd->execute(); } else if(RenderCommand::Type::PRIMITIVE_COMMAND == commandType) { flush(); auto cmd = static_cast<PrimitiveCommand*>(command); CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_PRIMITIVE_COMMAND"); cmd->execute(); } else { CCLOGERROR("Unknown commands in renderQueue"); } }
可以看到在processRenderCommand中就是各种类型的Command的执行和相应的处理了。而在Sprite的绘制发的是TRIANGLES_COMMAND类型的指令,所以,直接看这个drawBatchedTriangles: void Renderer::drawBatchedTriangles() { if(_queuedTriangleCommands.empty()) return; CCGL_DEBUG_INSERT_EVENT_MARKER("RENDERER_BATCH_TRIANGLES"); _filledVertex = 0; _filledIndex = 0; /************** 1: Setup up vertices/indices *************/ _triBatchesToDraw[0].offset = 0; _triBatchesToDraw[0].indicesToDraw = 0; _triBatchesToDraw[0].cmd = nullptr; int batchesTotal = 0; int prevMaterialID = -1; bool firstCommand = true; for(const auto& cmd : _queuedTriangleCommands) { auto currentMaterialID = cmd->getMaterialID(); const bool batchable = !cmd->isSkipBatching(); fillVerticesAndIndices(cmd); // in the same batch ? if (batchable && (prevMaterialID == currentMaterialID || firstCommand)) { CC_ASSERT(firstCommand || _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].cmd->getMaterialID() == cmd->getMaterialID() && "argh... error in logic"); _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].indicesToDraw += cmd->getIndexCount(); _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].cmd = cmd; } else { // is this the first one? if (!firstCommand) { batchesTotal++; _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].offset = _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal-1].offset + _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal-1].indicesToDraw; } _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].cmd = cmd; _triBatchesToDraw[batchesTotal].indicesToDraw = (int) cmd->getIndexCount(); // is this a single batch ? Prevent creating a batch group then if (!batchable) currentMaterialID = -1; } // capacity full ? if (batchesTotal + 1 >= _triBatchesToDrawCapacity) { _triBatchesToDrawCapacity *= 1.4; _triBatchesToDraw = (TriBatchToDraw*) realloc(_triBatchesToDraw, sizeof(_triBatchesToDraw[0]) * _triBatchesToDrawCapacity); } prevMaterialID = currentMaterialID; firstCommand = false; } batchesTotal++; /************** 2: Copy vertices/indices to GL objects *************/ auto conf = Configuration::getInstance(); if (conf->supportsShareableVAO() && conf->supportsMapBuffer()) { //Bind VAO GL::bindVAO(_buffersVAO); //Set VBO data glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _buffersVBO[0]); // option 1: subdata // glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_quads[0])*start, sizeof(_quads[0]) * n , &_quads[start] ); // option 2: data // glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_verts[0]) * _filledVertex, _verts, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // option 3: orphaning + glMapBuffer // FIXME: in order to work as fast as possible, it must "and the exact same size and usage hints it had before." // source: https://www.opengl.org/wiki/Buffer_Object_Streaming#Explicit_multiple_buffering // so most probably we won't have any benefit of using it glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_verts[0]) * _filledVertex, nullptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW); void *buf = glMapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY); memcpy(buf, _verts, sizeof(_verts[0]) * _filledVertex); glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _buffersVBO[1]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_indices[0]) * _filledIndex, _indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); } else { // Client Side Arrays #define kQuadSize sizeof(_verts[0]) glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _buffersVBO[0]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_verts[0]) * _filledVertex , _verts, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); GL::enableVertexAttribs(GL::VERTEX_ATTRIB_FLAG_POS_COLOR_TEX); // vertices glVertexAttribPointer(GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, kQuadSize, (GLvoid*) offsetof(V3F_C4B_T2F, vertices)); // colors glVertexAttribPointer(GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_COLOR, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, kQuadSize, (GLvoid*) offsetof(V3F_C4B_T2F, colors)); // tex coords glVertexAttribPointer(GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORD, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, kQuadSize, (GLvoid*) offsetof(V3F_C4B_T2F, texCoords)); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _buffersVBO[1]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_indices[0]) * _filledIndex, _indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); } /************** 3: Draw *************/ for (int i=0; i<batchesTotal; ++i) { CC_ASSERT(_triBatchesToDraw[i].cmd && "Invalid batch"); _triBatchesToDraw[i].cmd->useMaterial(); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, (GLsizei) _triBatchesToDraw[i].indicesToDraw, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, (GLvoid*) (_triBatchesToDraw[i].offset*sizeof(_indices[0])) ); _drawnBatches++; _drawnVertices += _triBatchesToDraw[i].indicesToDraw; } /************** 4: Cleanup *************/ if (Configuration::getInstance()->supportsShareableVAO()) { //Unbind VAO GL::bindVAO(0); } else { glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); } _queuedTriangleCommands.clear(); _filledVertex = 0; _filledIndex = 0; }
这个即是主要的绘制处理以及做相应的合并批次的处理。这里,就先写到这里,简单的说主要是些OpenGL api的调用,但是,笔者对这些还没有深入的理解,就不“误人子弟”,做过多的分析了,后面等实践过再来更新此篇,解释得更详细些。因此,该篇只是勉强对渲染的代码执行流程作了简单的分析,谈不上深入理解。但至少通过阅读代码,可以知道相应的处理是如何实现的。
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作者:AlphaGL
出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/alphagl/
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